Research

Twenty years of asking whether it's true.

My research interests are varied within orthopaedics and AI, and range from clinical studies to basic science and translational work. Innovation is at the core of it, and I'm always open to novel research ideas and collaborations.

>150
Peer-reviewed papers
19
Books authored / edited
>£6m
Research grant funding
15
Grants as CI, PI or Co-I

One thread runs through all of it: does the intervention actually work, and how would we know? It began with cartilage biology and the paediatric hip, ran through trauma, infection and surgical education, took a detour through the history and art of medicine, and arrived at artificial intelligence, which is the same question again with a new object.

Grants

Over £6 million raised.

Barts Orthopaedic Research and Innovation Centre

Building life changing research foundations. Barts Charity, 2019–2023. Ramachandran (CI), Bates P, Millington S, Hilton C, Kassam J

£2.9m

PRINT study: 3D printed orthotics in cerebral palsy

Innovate UK, 2018–2019. Ramachandran M (CI), Parvez N, Parvez S

£1.4m

Role of matrix fragments and mechanical signals in osteoarthritis

Government of Malaysia programme grant, PDRA/PhD, 2012–2015. Chowdhury TT, Homandberg GA, Bader DL, Ramachandran M (Co-I)

£1m

Children's Orthopaedic Outreach Programme

Barts and The London Charity, 2014–2016. Ramachandran M (CI), Coggings D

£433k

Osteoarthritis as an environmental ciliopathy

Medical Research Council, 2014–2016. Knight M, Beales P, Chaple P, Mitchison H, Ramachandran M (Co-I)

£425k

ECM-sequestered GCP2, an unexpected chondrogenic factor

Arthritis Research UK, 2015–2018. Dell'Accio F, Eldridge SE, Bertrand J, Sherwood J, Ramachandran M (Co-I)

£267k

Paediatric hip arthroscopy: outcomes, scoring systems and porcine model

Aarhus University, Denmark, 2012–2015. Ramachandran M (CI), Gottliebsen M, Rahbek O, Moller-Madsen B

£250k

Sirtuin activity to drive cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis

Dunhill Medical Trust, 2014–2016. Lee D, Caton P, Heywood H, Ramachandran M (Co-I)

£150k

Mechanical conditioning and CNP in osteoarthritis modulation

Arthritis Research UK, 2011–2013. Chowdhury TT, Ramachandran M (Co-I), Bader DL

£156k

Novel periosteal graft for bone regeneration

QM Proof of Concept award, 2014–2016. Mata A, Ramachandran M (PI)

£50k

Deep learning AI algorithm for ultrasound in DDH

Joule Canadian Medical Association Grant. Jaremko J, Mansi C, Golan D, Ramachandran M (Co-I)

$25k

Further awards

AO Foundation (C-type natriuretic peptide and mechanical loading in human cartilage); National Institute of Biological Standards Control (CNP in osteoarthritis and FAI); Aarhus University pump-priming (hip arthroscopy porcine model); DBI/MRC/EPSRC pump priming (anti-inflammatory effect of CNP)

£100k+
Publications

Peer-reviewed work, by category.

Over 150 papers. Below is the shape of the work, with the papers I'd hand someone who wanted to understand it in an afternoon.

Cartilage biology Basic science

Chondrocyte homeostasis, mechanical signalling and the biology that decides whether a joint can repair itself.

  • Nalesso G, Sherwood J, Bertrand J, Pap T, Ramachandran M, De Bari C, Pitzalis C, Dell'Accio F. WNT-3A modulates articular chondrocyte phenotype. J Cell Biol 2011. F1000: must read
  • Eldridge S, et al. incl. Ramachandran M. Agrin mediates chondrocyte homeostasis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015
  • Ramachandran M, Achan P, Salter DM, Bader DL, Chowdhury TT. Biomechanical signals and CNP counteract catabolic activity in chondrocyte/agarose constructs. Arthritis Res Ther 2011

Bone biology Basic & clinical

Fracture healing, bisphosphonates, BMPs and the anabolic and catabolic responses in bone repair.

  • Duckworth AD, et al. incl. Ramachandran M. Effect of alendronic acid on fracture healing: a multicentre RCT. J Bone Miner Res 2019
  • Little DG, Ramachandran M, Schindeler A. The anabolic and catabolic responses in bone repair. JBJS (Br) 2007
  • Birke O, et al. incl. Ramachandran M. rhBMP and bisphosphonates in congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. J Child Orthop 2010

Hip Largest strand

DDH, Perthes, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and the young adult hip. Genetics, natural history, technique and outcome.

  • Hatzikotoulas K, et al. DDH Case Control Consortium incl. Ramachandran M. Genome-wide association study of DDH identifies GDF5. Commun Biol 2018
  • Ramachandran M, Ward K, Brown RR, Munns C, Cowell CT, Little DG. Intravenous bisphosphonate for traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in adolescents. JBJS (Am) 2007
  • Karlen JW, Skaggs DL, Ramachandran M, Kay RM. The Dega osteotomy. J Pediatr Orthop 2009
  • Tibrewal S, Gulati V, Ramachandran M. The Pavlik method: a systematic review. J Pediatr Orthop B 2013

Femoroacetabular impingement & hip arthroscopy Trials

Including the UK FASHIoN randomised controlled trial, published in the Lancet.

  • Griffin DR, et al. FASHIoN Study Group incl. Ramachandran M. Hip arthroscopy versus best conservative care for FAI syndrome (UK FASHIoN): a multicentre RCT. Lancet 2018;391:2225–35
  • Ramachandran M, Azegami S, Hosalkar H. Current concepts in adolescent FAI. J Child Orthop 2013
  • Jayakumar P, Ramachandran M, Youm T, Achan P. Hip arthroscopy in paediatric and adolescent disorders. JBJS (Br) 2012

Orthopaedic trauma Children's fractures

Supracondylar fractures, non-accidental injury, elastic nailing, and whether guidelines change outcomes.

  • Ramachandran M, Skaggs DL, Crawford HA, et al. Delaying treatment of supracondylar fractures in children: has the pendulum swung too far? JBJS (Br) 2008
  • Jayakumar P, Barry M, Ramachandran M. Orthopaedic aspects of paediatric non-accidental injury. JBJS (Br) 2010
  • Ramachandran M, Birch R, Eastwood DM. Nerve injuries with supracondylar fractures. JBJS (Br) 2006

Orthopaedic infection Systematic reviews

Paediatric bone and joint infection, septic arthritis and osteomyelitis.

  • Kang S-N, Sanghera T, Mangwani J, Paterson JMH, Ramachandran M. Management of paediatric septic arthritis: systematic review. JBJS (Br) 2009
  • Dartnell J, Ramachandran M, Katchburian M. Haematogenous acute and subacute paediatric osteomyelitis. JBJS (Br) 2012
  • Iliadis AD, Ramachandran M. Paediatric bone and joint infection. EFORT Open Rev 2017

Foot Clubfoot & Ponseti

The Ponseti method, congenital vertical talus, and what treatment costs the families who go through it.

  • Jowett CR, Morcuende JA, Ramachandran M. Management of congenital talipes equinovarus using the Ponseti method: a systematic review. JBJS (Br) 2011
  • Malagelada F, Mayet S, Firth G, Ramachandran M. Impact of Ponseti treatment on parents and caregivers: Europe and Africa compared. J Child Orthop 2016
  • Wright J, Coggings D, Maizen C, Ramachandran M. Reverse Ponseti-type treatment for congenital vertical talus. Bone Joint J 2014

AI & digital health Growing

The newest strand, and the one I now spend most of my non-clinical time on.

  • Jones LD, Golan D, Hanna SA, Ramachandran M. Artificial intelligence, machine learning and the evolution of healthcare: a bright future or cause for concern? Bone Joint Res 2018
  • Jaremko J, Mansi C, Golan D, Ramachandran M. Deep learning for ultrasound in DDH. Joule CMA-funded

Training & education The evidence on us

Whether surgeons are trained and assessed as well as we assume. Mostly, the answer has been no.

  • Al-Nammari SS, Pengas I, Asopa V, Jawad A, Rafferty M, Ramachandran M. The inadequacy of musculoskeletal knowledge in graduating medical students in the UK. JBJS (Am) 2015
  • Heaton SR, Little Z, Akhtar K, Ramachandran M, Lee J. Simulation to train orthopaedic trainees in non-technical skills. World J Orthop 2016
  • Farooq S, Kang SN, Ramachandran M. Sex, power and orthopaedics. J R Soc Med 2009

Medical history & art The side door

Where I learned what a claim looks like before there was evidence to check it. The Diagnosis of Art series with J.K. Aronson ran for years in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.

  • Huntley C, Hodder A, Ramachandran M. Clinical and historical aspects of the Elephant Man: facts and myths. Gene 2015
  • Ramachandran M, Aronson JK. John Marshall's first description of surgical electrocautery. J R Soc Med 2011
  • Ramachandran M, Aronson JK. Frederick Treves's first surgical operation for appendicitis. J R Soc Med 2011
  • Hodder A, Huntley C, Aronson JK, Ramachandran M. Pycnodysostosis and the making of an artist. Gene 2015

Full list on Google Scholar and PubMed.

Collaborations

International groups I work with.

Stanford Graduate School of Business
Stanford

Stanford Business School

Medtech design and artificial intelligence.

Aarhus University
Aarhus

Aarhus University Hospital

Children's hip arthroscopy.

National University Hospital Singapore
Singapore

National University Hospital

Postgraduate courses.

Children's Hospital at Westmead
Sydney

Children's Hospital at Westmead

Paediatric hip and basic science.

Collaborate

Always open to novel research ideas.

Clinical studies, basic science, translational work, and the evaluation of AI where it meets real patients.

Get in touch